https://thirumalai.geo.arizona.edu/home daily 1.0 2026-05-18 https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/5bb4fc1529f2cc213d90054c/98bada5c-bdb7-4535-b8ea-4063aa95b716/20141216_BoB_Radiant.jpg Home - PALEO² LAB Paleoceanography and Paleoclimatology https://thirumalai.geo.arizona.edu/pubplotsii daily 0.75 2024-05-08 https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/5bb4fc1529f2cc213d90054c/1645171865810-ET42E4Q3N03AJ4RU1NKY/Maupin.png PubPlots II - Abrupt Southern Great Plains thunderstorm shifts linked to glacial climate variability - Maupin et al. (2021) https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/5bb4fc1529f2cc213d90054c/1645171865810-ET42E4Q3N03AJ4RU1NKY/Maupin.png PubPlots II - Abrupt Southern Great Plains thunderstorm shifts linked to glacial climate variability - Maupin et al. (2021) https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/5bb4fc1529f2cc213d90054c/1645172241537-RULXLWQG5KYCSXTCBVU5/Mehta.png PubPlots II Uncertainty in palaeosalinity estimates from foraminiferal geochemical records in the northern Indian Ocean - Mehta et al. (2021) https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/5bb4fc1529f2cc213d90054c/1693267727441-97G1U62CJ8A5TM06RUSX/Screenshot+2023-08-28+at+17.08.24.png PubPlots II - Chasing Interannual Marine Paleovariability - Thirumalai & Maupin (2023) https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/5bb4fc1529f2cc213d90054c/1645172160706-IL6542H91E1RDT8B02DL/Clemens.png PubPlots II - Remote and local drivers of Pleistocene South Asian summer monsoon precipitation: A test for future predictions - Clemens et al. (2021) Remote and local drivers of Pleistocene South Asian summer monsoon precipitation: A test for future predictions - Clemens et al. (2021) https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/5bb4fc1529f2cc213d90054c/1645172022857-HJRP5JDLDAZ6QLGU85MO/Tharammal.png PubPlots II - Orbitally driven evolution of Asian monsoon and stable water isotope ratios during the Holocene: Isotope-enabled climate model simulations and proxy data comparisons - Tharammal et al. (2021) Orbitally driven evolution of Asian monsoon and stable water isotope ratios during the Holocene: Isotope-enabled climate model simulations and proxy data comparisons - Tharammal et al. (2021) https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/5bb4fc1529f2cc213d90054c/1645171930526-2Q3WJOVFH66KHM5VO63K/Glaubke.png PubPlots II - Discerning Changes in High‐Frequency Climate Variability Using Geochemical Populations of Individual Foraminifera - Glaubke et al. Discerning Changes in High‐Frequency Climate Variability Using Geochemical Populations of Individual Foraminifera - Glaubke et al. https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/5bb4fc1529f2cc213d90054c/1645171865810-ET42E4Q3N03AJ4RU1NKY/Maupin.png PubPlots II - Abrupt Southern Great Plains thunderstorm shifts linked to glacial climate variability - Maupin et al. (2021) (Copy) Abrupt Southern Great Plains thunderstorm shifts linked to glacial climate variability - Maupin et al. (2021) https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/5bb4fc1529f2cc213d90054c/1645170807851-7KKRGASDEG3YKN18ASQL/Bali.png PubPlots II - Evolution of the oligotrophic West Pacific Warm Pool during the Pliocene–Pleistocene boundary - Bali et al. (2020) Evolution of the oligotrophic West Pacific Warm Pool during the Pliocene–Pleistocene boundary - Bali et al. (2020) https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/5bb4fc1529f2cc213d90054c/1713380543921-4SDVGNUJ7H9D9VARI9SC/Screen+Shot+2022-02-18+at+12.49.28+AM.png PubPlots II - Past climates inform our future - Tierney et al. (2020) Past climates inform our future - Tierney et al. (2020) https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/5bb4fc1529f2cc213d90054c/1645170300155-TZT2JVV67EJ25H6EMG29/McClymont.png PubPlots II - Lessons from a high-CO 2 world: an ocean view from∼ 3 million years ago - McClymont et al. (2020) Lessons from a high-CO 2 world: an ocean view from∼ 3 million years ago - McClymont et al. (2020) https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/5bb4fc1529f2cc213d90054c/1645172553833-YOXJYYPVHJO8O0L2DCCW/WarnerClam.png PubPlots II - Investigating the influence of temperature and seawater δ¹⁸O on Donax obesulus (Reeve, 1854) shell δ¹⁸O - Warner et al. (2022) https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/5bb4fc1529f2cc213d90054c/1599634803473-XARWGF709RPCHLDI29P3/Gebre-et-al.png PubPlots II - A Brief Commentary on the Interpretation of Chinese Speleothem δ¹⁸O Records as Summer Monsoon Intensity Tracers - Gebregiorgis et al. (2020) A Brief Commentary on the Interpretation of Chinese Speleothem δ¹⁸O Records as Summer Monsoon Intensity Tracers - Gebregiorgis et al. (2020) https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/5bb4fc1529f2cc213d90054c/1599635277170-9SO1JTPS8CK5WFM2X9HQ/Screen+Shot+2020-09-09+at+12.07.51+AM.png PubPlots II - Emergence of an equatorial mode of climate variability in the Indian Ocean - DiNezio et al. (2020) Emergence of an equatorial mode of climate variability in the Indian Ocean - DiNezio et al. (2020) https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/5bb4fc1529f2cc213d90054c/1599635513196-B23ZVESQM44K6S6OCHPY/Screen+Shot+2020-09-09+at+12.11.46+AM.png PubPlots II - Monsoon reconstructions using bulk and individual foraminiferal analyses in marine sediments offshore India. - Thirumalai & Clemens (2020) Monsoon reconstructions using bulk and individual foraminiferal analyses in marine sediments offshore India. - Thirumalai & Clemens (2020) https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/5bb4fc1529f2cc213d90054c/1599635202854-9EPMP4U86FX2S63GZZ3C/Screen+Shot+2020-09-09+at+12.06.32+AM.png PubPlots II - Methane, Monsoons, and Modulation of Millennial‐scale Climate - Thirumalai et al. (2020) Methane, Monsoons, and Modulation of Millennial‐scale Climate - Thirumalai et al. (2020) https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/5bb4fc1529f2cc213d90054c/1599635384217-LCSNWEJ7CD50LRTIN8XN/Screen+Shot+2020-09-09+at+12.09.34+AM.png PubPlots II - Palaeoclimate perspectives on the Indian Ocean Dipole - Abram et al. (2020) Palaeoclimate perspectives on the Indian Ocean Dipole - Abram et al. (2020) https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/5bb4fc1529f2cc213d90054c/1599634941999-4C3EIQPJJ1CYHC368YO7/Mishra-et-al.png PubPlots II - Future exacerbation of hot and dry summer monsoon extremes in India - Mishra et al. (2020) Future exacerbation of hot and dry summer monsoon extremes in India - Mishra et al. (2020) https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/5bb4fc1529f2cc213d90054c/1599634694212-LNYXN1JBW82BBO3IBYF7/Lawman-et-al.png PubPlots II - A Century of Reduced ENSO Variability During the Medieval Climate Anomaly - Lawman et al. (2020) A Century of Reduced ENSO Variability During the Medieval Climate Anomaly - Lawman et al. (2020) https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/5bb4fc1529f2cc213d90054c/1599634550765-61U1OWKK68IU33T1KNN6/Screen+Shot+2020-09-08+at+11.37.22+PM.png PubPlots II - Bayesian Calibration of the Mg/Ca Paleothermometer in Planktic Foraminifera - Tierney et al. (2019) Bayesian Calibration of the Mg/Ca Paleothermometer in Planktic Foraminifera - Tierney et al. (2019) https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/5bb4fc1529f2cc213d90054c/1566298126016-BZ82ZJ3TY5J3K3OL4O1V/Screen+Shot+2019-08-20+at+4.18.31+PM.png PubPlots II - The Climate Data Toolbox for MATLAB - Greene et al. (2019) The Climate Data Toolbox for MATLAB - Greene et al. (2019) https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/5bb4fc1529f2cc213d90054c/1599634419763-69JSRP25HBJJBWEH0Z8U/Screen+Shot+2020-09-08+at+11.38.26+PM.png PubPlots II - PaCTS v1.0: A Crowdsourced Reporting Standard for Paleoclimate Data - Khider et al. (2019) PaCTS v1.0: A Crowdsourced Reporting Standard for Paleoclimate Data - Khider et al. (2019) https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/5bb4fc1529f2cc213d90054c/1566298711458-CAAOOPDQSUU8DO5K6AW1/Screen+Shot+2019-08-20+at+4.27.41+PM.png PubPlots II - An El Niño Mode in the Glacial Indian Ocean? - Thirumalai et al. (2019) An El Niño Mode in the Glacial Indian Ocean? - Thirumalai et al. (2019) https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/5bb4fc1529f2cc213d90054c/1541363759264-Z8CJDQEG4PDMLTRDY2FW/ArabianODP.png PubPlots II - Significant seasonal contrast in the Arabian Sea during deglaciation: Evidence from oxygen isotopic analyses of individual planktic foraminifera - Naidu et al. (2019) Significant seasonal contrast in the Arabian Sea during deglaciation: Evidence from oxygen isotopic analyses of individual planktic foraminifera - Naidu et al. (2019) https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/5bb4fc1529f2cc213d90054c/1561316296494-UW19H5VTXM1CT8UF4D1U/GOMSST.png PubPlots II - Considerations for Globigerinoides ruber (white and pink) paleoceanography: compre- hensive insights from a long-running sediment trap - Richey et al. (2019) Considerations for Globigerinoides ruber (white and pink) paleoceanography: compre- hensive insights from a long-running sediment trap - Richey et al. (2019) https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/5bb4fc1529f2cc213d90054c/1561315995095-CKMTK297Z7KZJICL8NOG/RuberMorph.png PubPlots II - Single foraminifera Mg/Ca of two morphotypes of G. ruber by LA-ICPMS: New insights into past seasonality and inter-annual variability - Schmitt et al. (2019) Single foraminifera Mg/Ca of two morphotypes of G. ruber by LA-ICPMS: New insights into past seasonality and inter-annual variability - Schmitt et al. (2019) https://thirumalai.geo.arizona.edu/pubplots-i daily 0.75 2022-02-18 https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/5bb4fc1529f2cc213d90054c/1541363755710-R545A0HDRFCG0Z35EVEU/LaurentideCordilleran.png PubPlots I - A fresh take on ancient climate change in the North Pacific - Thirumalai (2018) https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/5bb4fc1529f2cc213d90054c/1541363755710-R545A0HDRFCG0Z35EVEU/LaurentideCordilleran.png PubPlots I - A fresh take on ancient climate change in the North Pacific - Thirumalai (2018) https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/5bb4fc1529f2cc213d90054c/1541363659111-6IZF1NFJXPBVLRLWRIBR/AMOC.png PubPlots I - Pronounced centennial-scale Atlantic Ocean climate variability correlated with Western Hemisphere hydroclimate - Thirumalai et al. (2018) https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/5bb4fc1529f2cc213d90054c/1542201633880-QOHVQ5PCSCAXJ6Z562NA/Screen+Shot+2018-11-14+at+8.18.11+AM.png PubPlots I - Neoglacial climate anomalies and the Harappan metamorphosis - Giosan et al. (2018) https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/5bb4fc1529f2cc213d90054c/1541363732850-ZOSLC86LS7718CQ73U1Q/Black.png PubPlots I - Extreme monsoon rainfall signatures preserved in the invasive terrestrial gastropod Lissachatina fulica - Ghosh et al. (2017) https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/5bb4fc1529f2cc213d90054c/1541363627373-3ECRWU6YXIPII08PZKXO/PlioIFA.png PubPlots I - Modeling the Stable Water Isotope Expression of El Niño in the Pliocene: Implications for the Interpretation of Proxy Data - Tindall et al. (2017) https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/5bb4fc1529f2cc213d90054c/1541363565267-9RXJUMK2FDCBLMRWDOEY/Thailand.png PubPlots I - Extreme temperatures in Southeast Asia caused by El Niño and worsened by global warming - Thirumalai et al. (2017) https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/5bb4fc1529f2cc213d90054c/1561315839342-L6NTR8XLHVHQJL3DVS5I/Screen+Shot+2019-06-23+at+11.50.32+AM.png PubPlots I - A global multiproxy database for temperature reconstructions of the Common Era - Pages2k (2017) https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/5bb4fc1529f2cc213d90054c/1541363510686-Z0L0D51YGYM7HT8O17Y5/CoralJenn.png PubPlots I - Multi-species coral Sr/Ca-based sea-surface temperature reconstruction using Orbicella faveolata and Siderastrea siderea from the Florida Straits - Flannery et al. (2017) https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/5bb4fc1529f2cc213d90054c/1541363461095-13W7EV2FYPQ27XPM7FHW/PSUSolver.png PubPlots I - Constraining past seawater δ¹⁸O and temperature records developed from foraminiferal geochemistry - Thirumalai et al. (2016) https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/5bb4fc1529f2cc213d90054c/1541363362064-CID47FG8A6V25NPUD906/RicheyComment.png PubPlots I - Potential for paleosalinity reconstructions to provide information about AMOC variability - Thirumalai and Richey (2016) https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/5bb4fc1529f2cc213d90054c/1541363312771-CD9J08H66U22QDSZHIWN/Abrametal.png PubPlots I - Early onset of industrial-era warming across the oceans and continents - Abrams et al. (2016) https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/5bb4fc1529f2cc213d90054c/1541363278836-8VO9594WEVEB0U5DOWUJ/CoralHaiti.png PubPlots I - Relative sea-level changes during the last century recorded by coral microa- tolls in Belloc, Haiti - Weil Accardo et al. (2016) https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/5bb4fc1529f2cc213d90054c/1541363226849-GCWDFJIJ1BD1DV7FWYCY/download.png PubPlots I - Oyster reef die-offs in stratigraphic record of Corpus Christi Bay, Texas, possibly caused by drought-driven extreme salinity changes - Goff et al. (2015) https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/5bb4fc1529f2cc213d90054c/1541363145201-PKXJDU5YX40QBVG7YSRK/Screen%2BShot%2B2015-08-19%2Bat%2B11.54.45%2BAM.png PubPlots I - Robust global ocean cooling trend for the pre-industrial Common Era - McGregor et al. (2015) https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/5bb4fc1529f2cc213d90054c/1541363079716-IIM7QAUIQNOAH60919O4/Ghizo.png PubPlots I - Variable Holocene deformation above a shallow subduction zone extremely close to the trench - Thirumalai et al. (2015) https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/5bb4fc1529f2cc213d90054c/1561315634756-JE1WOMXBZ7T0K493LJZB/Screen+Shot+2019-06-23+at+11.47.04+AM.png PubPlots I - IODP Expedition 353 Preliminary Report - Clemens et al. (2015) https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/5bb4fc1529f2cc213d90054c/1541362988376-JBJN0ZHDUCRNLTREF4PZ/Screen%2BShot%2B2015-04-06%2Bat%2B11.16.25%2BAM.png PubPlots I - The use of δ¹³C values of leporid teeth as indicators of past vegetation - Wicks et al. (2015) https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/5bb4fc1529f2cc213d90054c/1541363038650-VDQIC2PWTH2FQBQMXU39/Screen%2BShot%2B2015-04-02%2Bat%2B10.19.11%2BPM.png PubPlots I - Globigerinoides ruber morphotypes in the Gulf of Mexico: A test of null hypothesis - Thirumalai et al. (2014) https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/5bb4fc1529f2cc213d90054c/1541362929126-N2Y5485R7EMJ4B42D9FU/Screen%2BShot%2B2015-04-06%2Bat%2B11.14.33%2BAM.png PubPlots I - Persistent decadal-scale rainfall variability in the tropical South Pacific Convergence Zone through the past six centuries - Maupin et al. (2014) https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/5bb4fc1529f2cc213d90054c/1541362874215-ZYKIZHWRRE6H9R7JXX4A/Screen%2BShot%2B2015-04-06%2Bat%2B11.12.16%2BAM.png PubPlots I - Stable carbon isotopes in DIC: extraction & implications for quantifying the contributions from silicate and carbonate weathering in the Krishna River system - Laskar et al. (2013) https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/5bb4fc1529f2cc213d90054c/1541362781479-EXF0MAL0JUZJVSVJ7VTB/Screen%2BShot%2B2015-04-06%2Bat%2B11.13.02%2BAM.png PubPlots I - Statistical constraints on El Niño Southern Oscillation reconstructions using individual foraminifera: a sensitivity analysis - Thirumalai et al. (2013) https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/5bb4fc1529f2cc213d90054c/1541362703924-ULSQYAP9SG3T7V453JSB/Regress_Bivariate_01.png PubPlots I - A MATLAB code to perform weighted linear regression with (correlated or uncorrelated) errors in bivariate data - Thirumalai et al. (2011) https://thirumalai.geo.arizona.edu/personnel daily 0.75 2026-05-27 https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/5bb4fc1529f2cc213d90054c/1779076203058-8AXKDLPYD5YW2Q1XP977/image-asset.png Personnel - Dr. Kaustubh Thirumalai Originally from Bengaluru, India, I joined the Department of Geosciences faculty in Fall 2019 after a postdoctoral fellowship at Brown University. Prior to that, I was at the University of Texas at Austin, where I obtained M.S. and Ph.D. degrees; I received a B.Tech degree in Chemical Engineering from the National Institute of Technology, Karnataka. Research Interests: paleoceanography, climate dynamics, carbonate (bio)geochemistry, monsoons, ENSO, marine paleoecology Personal Interests: birding, heavy music, photography Email: kaustubh@arizona.edu [CV] https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/5bb4fc1529f2cc213d90054c/1779076203058-8AXKDLPYD5YW2Q1XP977/image-asset.png Personnel - Dr. Kaustubh Thirumalai Originally from Bengaluru, India, I joined the Department of Geosciences faculty in Fall 2019 after a postdoctoral fellowship at Brown University. Prior to that, I was at the University of Texas at Austin, where I obtained M.S. and Ph.D. degrees; I received a B.Tech degree in Chemical Engineering from the National Institute of Technology, Karnataka. Research Interests: paleoceanography, climate dynamics, carbonate (bio)geochemistry, monsoons, ENSO, marine paleoecology Personal Interests: birding, heavy music, photography Email: kaustubh@arizona.edu [CV] https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/5bb4fc1529f2cc213d90054c/1728323404109-XP73DZ44A3H9V4TMPML3/Screenshot+2024-09-23+at+12.52.25.png Personnel - Dr. Ryan Glaubke Ryan Glaubke received his Ph.D. from Rutgers University before joining the Paleo2 Lab in the Fall of 2024. He is broadly interested in the reconstructing past ocean conditions from periods of Earth’s history that could serve as “natural analogues” to the rate and magnitude of modern climate change. At Rutgers, Ryan’s dissertation work focused on the role ocean circulation played in the rise of atmospheric CO₂ concentrations across the last major example of global warming—the Last Deglaciation. At Old Dominion University, where Ryan received his B.S. and M.S. degrees, he investigated the response of the El Niño system—the world’s largest and most globally significant recurring climate pattern—to episodes of meltwater discharge across abrupt climate events in the deglacial period. Now, at the University of Arizona, Ryan is investigating whether the Indian Ocean supported a new and potentially significant mode of climate variability during the Pliocene—a warm period approximately 3 million years ago that resembles Earth’s future climate. Together, Ryan hopes these lessons from the past will help inform our projections of future change. Personal interests: Hiking, surfing, soccer, music, and reading. Email: glaubke@arizona.edu Online presence: Bluesky, ResearchGate, Google Scholar https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/5bb4fc1529f2cc213d90054c/1779903752932-R3NV0O9CNULKF4GEJVBF/20260516-Anubhav.png Personnel - Dr. Anubhav Kaur Anubhav Kaur is a Fulbright-Kalam Postdoctoral Fellow who received her Ph.D. in June 2024. Prior to joining the lab, she served as a Residential Research Fellow at Ashoka University in India (2024–2025). Trained as an archaeologist, Anubhav is interested in understanding human-environment interactions across deep time, drawing from the fields of paleoecology and taphonomy to reconstruct past ecological and environmental conditions. Her doctoral research examined human-environment interactions across the Indian Subcontinent spanning 2.58–0.4 Ma, shedding light on how early hominins responded to shifting landscapes and climates over millions of years. Alongside this work, she has investigated the paleoecology of Pleistocene hyena dens and is currently leading a neo-taphonomy project focused on understanding carnivoran accumulations and predator-prey dynamics—research that has important implications for understanding resource competition between prehistoric hominins and large carnivorans. Now, at the University of Arizona, Anubhav is exploring how Pleistocene climate change drove shifts in terrestrial environments across South Asia, and what those changes meant for hominin dispersals and adaptations in the region. https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/5bb4fc1529f2cc213d90054c/1779065170292-4JI40R12NOMHVGCG8OBD/Image.jpeg Personnel - Aniket Dhar Aniket Dhar is a fourth-year PhD student broadly interested in using geochemistry and mineralogy in carbonate archives, such as cave calcite formations (speleothems/stalagmites), to reconstruct past and observed climatic trends. His current research focuses on reconstructing late Quaternary shifts in southern Indian hydroclimate using speleothem geochemistry. Aniket is interested in understanding the kinetics of calcite precipitation and dissolution in karst systems, and the chemical exchange during the growth of speleothems, using mineralogy and the trace-element (Mg/Ca, Sr/Ca, Ba/Ca) composition of stalagmites. Email: aniketdhar@arizona.edu https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/5bb4fc1529f2cc213d90054c/1779065037571-SVEKLGV0692KBZH62CB5/LabPic.jpeg Personnel - Alexandra O'Keefe Alexandra is a second-year Ph.D. student at the Department of Geosciences, after completing her M.S. here from 2023–2025, working on benthic foraminiferal proxies. She is originally from upstate New York and received her BS degree in Atmospheric Science from SUNY Albany. Currently, Alexandra works with stable isotope measurements on foraminifera to reconstruct past climate regimes and variability. Research Interests: Paleoclimate/Paleoceanography, Stable Isotope Geochemistry, ENSO and other large-scale climate dynamics Email: aokeefe@arizona.edu https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/5bb4fc1529f2cc213d90054c/1727205526774-Z6HCNB3W4IEFRN1TIC2O/Amanda_Manoogian.png Personnel - Amanda Manoogian Originally from Northern Virginia, Amanda is a first-year M.S. student who joined Dr. Thirumalai’s Paleo² Lab in the Fall of 2024. Previously, she earned her BA in Earth and Climate Sciences from Middlebury College. Amanda is broadly interested in what foraminiferal proxies like Mg/Ca ratios and stable isotopes (δ¹⁸O and δ¹³C) can reveal about past ocean and climate conditions. Email: amanoogian@arizona.edu https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/5bb4fc1529f2cc213d90054c/1779065559297-LMQOIRTY6O6U35YETDYB/Screen+Shot+2022-09-09+at+10.16.28.png Personnel - Hayley McKenley Hayley McKenley graduated with her undergraduate degree in the Geosciences in 2024 from the University of Arizona. She joined the lab in the summer of 2022 to study benthic foraminifera and continues to work in the Paleo² Lab as a laboratory manager. Email: hmckenley2011@arizona.edu https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/5bb4fc1529f2cc213d90054c/1664235070978-W3LE1QOJRJZMN4WLFBLY/Screen+Shot+2022-09-09+at+10.16.47.png Personnel - Ammoose Jayan Ammoose is a third-year Ph.D. Scholar from the Central University of Kerala, India. She joined Dr. Thirumalai's Lab in Fall 2022 as a Fulbright-Kalam Climate Fellow. Her doctoral research mainly focuses on the paleoceanographic investigations of sediments from the Bay of Bengal using planktic foraminifera as a proxy. At the University of Arizona, she will be working on the fate of the East India Coastal Current (EICC) during the Holocene Epoch and H1 event, correlating with excessively strong and weak phases of ISM variability. Email: ammooseakj1@gmail.com https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/5bb4fc1529f2cc213d90054c/1662743557826-WCUSI7B0CXECE2R9XYC5/Screen+Shot+2022-09-09+at+10.12.11.png Personnel - Natalia Bienzobas Montávez Natalia is a Ph.D. student at the University of Vigo, advised by Drs. Gianluca Marino & Kaustubh Thirumalai. Natalia is interested in modeling the impacts of bioturbation on foraminiferal datasets, individual foraminiferal analyses, and ocean-atmosphere dynamics of the tropical Indian Ocean. Email: nbienzobasmontavez@gmail.com https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/5bb4fc1529f2cc213d90054c/1779065497551-CPU6AD3BZWEK2BTAFYR6/Screenshot+2026-05-16+at+15.24.48.png Personnel - Benjamin Mohler https://thirumalai.geo.arizona.edu/past-members daily 0.75 2026-05-18 https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/5bb4fc1529f2cc213d90054c/1645201805519-4MEWSMPYNY16N9FLTKDO/Screen+Shot+2022-02-18+at+9.29.54+AM.png Past Members - Dr. Lael Vetter Email: lvetter@arizona.edu https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/5bb4fc1529f2cc213d90054c/1645201805519-4MEWSMPYNY16N9FLTKDO/Screen+Shot+2022-02-18+at+9.29.54+AM.png Past Members - Dr. Lael Vetter Email: lvetter@arizona.edu https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/5bb4fc1529f2cc213d90054c/1728323838475-GYDZ3GR5Q9WUXFTU63EZ/Sam5.png Past Members - Samantha Wallace Samantha recently graduated from with a BS in Geoscience from the University of Arizona and joined the lab in January 2023. https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/5bb4fc1529f2cc213d90054c/1728323747037-3ZONWO7TM9EY9RUW449M/Screenshot+2024-09-23+at+12.46.48.png Past Members - Ainsley Carling Ainsley Carling is a senior undergraduate student in the Geosciences program at the University of Arizona. She joined the Paleo² Lab in the Fall of 2024. She is currently researching stable isotopes and atmospheric dynamics of Tucson precipitation. https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/5bb4fc1529f2cc213d90054c/1647541266295-CYH94ENRYX21GS8XNTLW/Grub.png Past Members - Daniel Conley Daniel Conley, originally from Atlanta, Georgia, joined the lab in the fall of 2021 and focused on research in stable water isotopes and atmospheric dynamics in Tucson. He graduated with a degree in Environmental Studies in 2024. https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/5bb4fc1529f2cc213d90054c/1705941224492-U11TP8ERFA2X5LA1NUNU/Screen+Shot+2022-02-18+at+9.25.04+AM.png Past Members - Tyler Byland Tyler joined the Paleo² Lab in the Fall of 2021 as an undergraduate sophomore; he is currently pursuing graduate school research at Oregon State University. His work focused on studying foraminifera and stable isotope and trace metal analysis of their shells. His research investigated hydrological/climatic behavior in the Northern Gulf of Mexico over the Holocene epoch. https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/5bb4fc1529f2cc213d90054c/1645177193135-8DBVNU7CFLBLLH3VFK9S/Maya.png Past Members - Maya Prabhakar Maya completed her MS in the Paleo² Lab in 2022, working on Arctic Ocean foraminifera and using their assemblages and geochemistry to understand paleoceanographic variability. Before that, they obtained their B.S. at the University of Buffalo. https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/5bb4fc1529f2cc213d90054c/1645177192590-OCSJ6LG0VIVVU4BE1Z03/Val.png Past Members - Valerie Rubalcava Valerie joined the Thirumalai Lab at University of Arizona for her M.S. in Fall 2020, which she completed in 2022. Before that she obtained her B.S. in geosciences at the University of Wisconsin-Milwaukee. Her research in the Paleo² Lab was methods-based and focused on developing techniques to measure small carbonate samples using the Kiel IV Carbonate Device and the MAT253+ isotope ratio mass spectrometer in the Paleo² Lab. https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/5bb4fc1529f2cc213d90054c/1645177191939-811TNIM6LJ0O8CUUAG7L/Emily%27.png Past Members - Emily Havard Emily joined the lab as an undergraduate researcher in the Spring of 2020. She graduated with a degree in Geoscience and a minor in Environmental Hydrology in 2022. Her project focused on foraminiferal assemblage variability and geochemistry in the Gulf of Mexico across the Younger Dryas, a cold period during the last deglaciation. In the future, she plans to continue researching marine ecology and paleoclimatology. She is currently a graduate student at North Carolina State University. https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/5bb4fc1529f2cc213d90054c/1645177193556-6QYB3F0S5EWYHOO3UHCG/Screen+Shot+2022-02-18+at+2.38.17+AM.png Past Members - Serena Conde Serena joined the Thirumalai lab as a UA undergraduate in 2019 and is now pursuing her Ph.D. at the Woods Hole Oceanographic Institute. She received her BS in environmental science from the University of Arizona in May 2020. Her research in the Thirumalai Lab focused on using planktic foraminifera from the Bay of Bengal to investigate the relationship between paleomonsoon dynamics and faunal abundance across the deglaciation. https://thirumalai.geo.arizona.edu/pubplots-iii daily 0.75 2025-02-06 https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/5bb4fc1529f2cc213d90054c/1730502587703-NXG0O9Z1VKXBMGWQA95K/Screenshot+2024-11-01+at+16.09.31.png PubPlots III - Individual Foraminiferal Analyses: A Review of Current and Emerging Geochemical Techniques - Fehrenbacher et al. (2024) Individual Foraminiferal Analyses: A Review of Current and Emerging Geochemical Techniques - Fehrenbacher et al. (2024) https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/5bb4fc1529f2cc213d90054c/1730502587703-NXG0O9Z1VKXBMGWQA95K/Screenshot+2024-11-01+at+16.09.31.png PubPlots III - Individual Foraminiferal Analyses: A Review of Current and Emerging Geochemical Techniques - Fehrenbacher et al. (2024) Individual Foraminiferal Analyses: A Review of Current and Emerging Geochemical Techniques - Fehrenbacher et al. (2024) https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/5bb4fc1529f2cc213d90054c/1730502118973-BEQM2R10OP73ZC1NUTGH/Thirumalai-2024-Nature.png PubPlots III - Future increase in extreme El Niño supported by past glacial changes - Thirumalai, DiNezio et al. (2024) Future increase in extreme El Niño supported by past glacial changes - Thirumalai, DiNezio et al. (2024) https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/5bb4fc1529f2cc213d90054c/1730502220104-LAP4YOJ6MJ7QLPOZ8YIG/Screenshot+2024-11-01+at+16.03.14.png PubPlots III - Paired X‐Ray Micro CT Scanning and Individual Foraminifera Isotopic Analysis Reveal (De)coupled Changes in Carbonate Preservation and Temperature - Jana et al. (2024) Paired X‐Ray Micro CT Scanning and Individual Foraminifera Isotopic Analysis Reveal (De)coupled Changes in Carbonate Preservation and Temperature - Jana et al. (2024) https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/5bb4fc1529f2cc213d90054c/1728325037172-ZJ7Y0RC44LPHE981JFIX/Glaubke-2024-ENSO.png PubPlots III - An inconsistent ENSO response to Northern Hemisphere stadials over the last deglaciation - Glaubke et al. (2024) An inconsistent ENSO response to Northern Hemisphere stadials over the last deglaciation - Glaubke et al. (2024) https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/5bb4fc1529f2cc213d90054c/1728324157365-8JG3E55LPH76DMAWEA57/Montavez-2024-Bioturb.png PubPlots III - Shell Reworking Impacts on IFA Climate Variability Reconstructions - Bienzobas Montávéz et al. (2024) Shell Reworking Impacts on IFA Climate Variability Reconstructions - Bienzobas Montávéz et al. (2024) https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/5bb4fc1529f2cc213d90054c/1712799621664-BRD9VXLEZ1IR07HUYPUS/Screenshot+2024-04-10+at+18.11.38.png PubPlots III - Morphotypical and Geochemical Variations of Planktic Foraminiferal Species in Siberian and Central Arctic Ocean Core Tops - Prabhakar et al. (2024) Morphotypical and Geochemical Variations of Planktic Foraminiferal Species in Siberian and Central Arctic Ocean Core Tops - Prabhakar et al. (2024) https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/5bb4fc1529f2cc213d90054c/1712797918406-K0CCZ1K12AW65YAGWQM6/Screenshot+2024-04-10+at+18.11.55.png PubPlots III - PDO and AMO Modulation of the ENSO–Asian Summer Monsoon Teleconnection During the Last Millennium - Wang et al. (2024) PDO and AMO Modulation of the ENSO–Asian Summer Monsoon Teleconnection During the Last Millennium - Wang et al. (2024) https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/5bb4fc1529f2cc213d90054c/1712797830532-7IQFZMUTJDBAM2SN7TEP/Screenshot+2024-04-10+at+18.10.27.png PubPlots III - Tropical Pacific Modulation of the Asian Summer Monsoon Over the Last Millennium in Paleoclimate Data Assimilation Reconstructions - Hu et al. (2023) Tropical Pacific Modulation of the Asian Summer Monsoon Over the Last Millennium in Paleoclimate Data Assimilation Reconstructions - Hu et al. (2023) https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/5bb4fc1529f2cc213d90054c/1712797773328-0OCZGLYT12QWALTXEMLD/Screenshot+2024-04-10+at+18.09.25.png PubPlots III - Solar Irradiance Modulates the Asian Summer Monsoon—ENSO Relationship Over the Last Millennium - Du et al. (2023) https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/5bb4fc1529f2cc213d90054c/1693267727441-97G1U62CJ8A5TM06RUSX/Screenshot+2023-08-28+at+17.08.24.png PubPlots III - Chasing Interannual Marine Paleovariability - Thirumalai & Maupin (2023) https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/5bb4fc1529f2cc213d90054c/1685227917855-WL961GQMMSCXCNKADN6A/Screenshot+2023-05-27+at+15.51.49.png PubPlots III - Hydrologic Controls on Individual Ostracode Stable Isotopes in a Desert Lake: A Modern Baseline for Lake Turkana - Thirumalai et al. (2023) https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/5bb4fc1529f2cc213d90054c/1685227835846-9LF2QFP6DIH8DI3YNTC5/Screenshot+2023-05-27+at+15.50.30.png PubPlots III - Salty seas sway global glacial cycles - Thirumalai (2023) https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/5bb4fc1529f2cc213d90054c/1685227501248-4D2P3TFBKX7XSTDNLQF6/Screenshot+2023-05-27+at+15.44.55.png PubPlots III - Indian margin methane hydrate dissociation recorded in the carbon isotopes of benthic (Miliolida) foraminifera - Clemens et al. (2023) https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/5bb4fc1529f2cc213d90054c/1712797619904-G1KGY5TMDWN1YST0ERAG/Screenshot+2024-04-10+at+18.06.18.png PubPlots III - Indian Ocean variability changes in the Paleoclimate Modelling Intercomparison Project - Brierley et al. (2023) https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/5bb4fc1529f2cc213d90054c/1693267551103-1LGJONQAHBQKS47ELK2I/Screenshot+2023-08-28+at+17.05.42.png PubPlots III - Climate Evolution Through the Onset and Intensification of Northern Hemisphere Glaciation - McClymont et al. (2023) https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/5bb4fc1529f2cc213d90054c/1685227179762-VIXUL1BDB2MYHDVAL38R/Screenshot+2023-05-27+at+15.39.16.png PubPlots III - Coherent Indian Summer Monsoon and Sahel Rainfall Variability Revealed by Ethiopian Rainfall δ¹⁸O - Midhun et al. (2022) https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/5bb4fc1529f2cc213d90054c/1685227035722-V0W5IKIHL9F199N7IETP/Screenshot+2023-05-27+at+15.37.08.png PubPlots III - Rapid and precise measurement of carbonate clumped isotopes using laser spectroscopy - Yanay et al. (2022) https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/5bb4fc1529f2cc213d90054c/1662751715892-MA5M0K8LD1JN2M2ODNBA/Screen+Shot+2022-09-09+at+12.27.46.png PubPlots III - When Eastern India Oscillated Between Desert Versus Savannah‐Dominated Vegetation - Zorzi et al. (2022) https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/5bb4fc1529f2cc213d90054c/1662751502459-9OQ4388UCYMFD8Y9ESWF/Screen+Shot+2022-09-09+at+12.22.19.png PubPlots III - Southern hemisphere forced millennial scale Indian summer monsoon variability during the late Pleistocene - Band et al. (2022) https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/5bb4fc1529f2cc213d90054c/1662751419967-49WV46G5FFVCY3N81P7N/Screen+Shot+2022-09-09+at+12.22.45.png PubPlots III - Unraveling forced responses of extreme El Niño variability over the Holocene - Lawman et al. (2022) https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/5bb4fc1529f2cc213d90054c/1645172553833-YOXJYYPVHJO8O0L2DCCW/WarnerClam.png PubPlots III - Investigating the influence of temperature and seawater δ18O on Donax obesulus (Reeve, 1854) shell δ18O - Warner et al. (2022) https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/5bb4fc1529f2cc213d90054c/1645172458626-6630B7Y2JYL7Q25XOF2C/TM21.png PubPlots III - Holocene Evolution of Sea‐Surface Temperature and Salinity in the Gulf of Mexico - Thirumalai et al. (2021) https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/5bb4fc1529f2cc213d90054c/1645172403696-BG3OCRFZRS4VKDJGJOFS/Mishra.png PubPlots III - Unprecedented drought in South India and recent water scarcity - Mishra et al. (2021) https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/5bb4fc1529f2cc213d90054c/1728325277368-S8KW1Q7V35EZIQ1AGKK9/RBala.png PubPlots III - Paleovegetation dynamics in an alternative stable states landscape in the montane Western Ghats, India - Ramya Bala et al. (2021) Paleovegetation dynamics in an alternative stable states landscape in the montane Western Ghats, India - Ramya Bala et al. (2021) https://thirumalai.geo.arizona.edu/pubplots-iv daily 0.75 2026-05-11 https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/5bb4fc1529f2cc213d90054c/1778475753156-9OSETYNGDC1MBAE30TGY/RafetEtAl2026.png PubPlots IV - Spatial and Temporal Variability of Eastern Pacific Radiocarbon and Carbon Chemistry From the Ice Age to Today Spatial and Temporal Variability of Eastern Pacific Radiocarbon and Carbon Chemistry From the Ice Age to Today - Rafter et al. (2026) https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/5bb4fc1529f2cc213d90054c/1778475753156-9OSETYNGDC1MBAE30TGY/RafetEtAl2026.png PubPlots IV - Spatial and Temporal Variability of Eastern Pacific Radiocarbon and Carbon Chemistry From the Ice Age to Today Spatial and Temporal Variability of Eastern Pacific Radiocarbon and Carbon Chemistry From the Ice Age to Today - Rafter et al. (2026) https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/5bb4fc1529f2cc213d90054c/1778475684879-VN2OHXO6D1OCEL3IWYH6/GreenEtAl2026.png PubPlots IV - Simulating Deglacial Radiocarbon Anomalies With pH‐Neutral Geologic Carbon Simulating Deglacial Radiocarbon Anomalies With pH‐Neutral Geologic Carbon - Green et al. (2026) https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/5bb4fc1529f2cc213d90054c/1778475576618-4U5K2G1ZA0BTOOLCL597/Screenshot+2026-05-10+at+21.57.25.png PubPlots IV - Glacial Expansion of Deoxygenation in the Arabian Sea Glacial Expansion of Deoxygenation in the Arabian Sea - Rai et al. (2026) https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/5bb4fc1529f2cc213d90054c/1778475505773-CP6TWSA47IOK582BPD71/Screenshot+2026-05-10+at+21.55.30.png PubPlots IV - Atmospheric Stabilization Weakened Proto‐Low‐Level Jet Over the Indian Ocean During the Eocene Hothouse Atmospheric Stabilization Weakened Proto‐Low‐Level Jet Over the Indian Ocean During the Eocene Hothouse - Kad et al. (2026) https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/5bb4fc1529f2cc213d90054c/1778475317603-EA9T47ORJRSK6TIJK3JD/Screenshot+2026-05-10+at+21.55.05.png PubPlots IV - Andean volcanism, ocean fertilization, marine ecosystem turnover, and global cooling in the Late Miocene Andean volcanism, ocean fertilization, marine ecosystem turnover, and global cooling in the Late Miocene - Carrapa et al. (2026) https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/5bb4fc1529f2cc213d90054c/1778475156427-508ZVJH364X076CGU37F/Solanki_etal.png PubPlots IV - River drought forcing of the Harappan metamorphosis - Solanki et al. (2025) River drought forcing of the Harappan metamorphosis - Solanki et al. (2025) https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/5bb4fc1529f2cc213d90054c/1759213821770-YFPIRPR6NN6C8SZXH36J/Screenshot+2025-09-29+at+23.30.01.png PubPlots IV - Unprecedented recent drying of the Ganga River Unprecedented recent drying of the Ganga River - Chuphal Singh et al. (2025) https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/5bb4fc1529f2cc213d90054c/1759213727897-LS8XQV5RR5QI99U2TEJJ/Screenshot+2025-09-29+at+23.28.25.png PubPlots IV - Anomalous oceanic moisture supply conceals expected stable water isotopic depletion during monsoon extreme rain events in Kerala, India Anomalous oceanic moisture supply conceals expected stable water isotopic depletion during monsoon extreme rain events in Kerala, India - Lekshmy et al. (2025) https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/5bb4fc1529f2cc213d90054c/1759213632025-5FPJCYB7Z97Y9KA0GTBS/Screenshot+2025-09-29+at+23.27.05.png PubPlots IV - Decoupling short- and long-term methane seepage dynamics: high-resolution insights from Pyrgo spp. δ¹³C records at Woolsey Mound, Gulf of Mexico Decoupling short- and long-term methane seepage dynamics: high-resolution insights from Pyrgo spp. δ¹³C records at Woolsey Mound, Gulf of Mexico - Babineaux et al. (2025) https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/5bb4fc1529f2cc213d90054c/1759213536682-C5FWT2L3BV59VVC1SODU/Screenshot+2025-09-29+at+23.25.29.png PubPlots IV - Did Globigerinoides ruber (pink) disappear entirely from the Indian Ocean after 120 kyr BP? Did Globigerinoides ruber (pink) disappear entirely from the Indian Ocean after 120 kyr BP? - Jayan et al. (2025) https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/5bb4fc1529f2cc213d90054c/1759213436959-D3P85X8DSNWTPTLOMSHL/Screenshot+2025-09-29+at+23.23.48.png PubPlots IV - Insights from growing Globorotalia truncatulinoides and Globorotalia menardii in the laboratory Insights from growing Globorotalia truncatulinoides and Globorotalia menardii in the laboratory - Reynolds et al. (2025) https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/5bb4fc1529f2cc213d90054c/1759213332807-1ORKJUJ3H9M2ULIEQDCJ/Screenshot+2025-09-29+at+23.21.59.png PubPlots IV - Extreme Indian summer monsoons reduce marine productivity Extreme Indian summer monsoons reduce marine productivity - Thirumalai (2025) https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/5bb4fc1529f2cc213d90054c/1759213216140-8RI849L7OF30TAOUA7MY/Screenshot+2025-09-29+at+23.20.04.png PubPlots IV - Extreme Indian summer monsoon states stifled Bay of Bengal productivity across the last deglaciation Extreme Indian summer monsoon states stifled Bay of Bengal productivity across the last deglaciation - Thirumalai et al. (2025) https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/5bb4fc1529f2cc213d90054c/1738813221298-4JH63K3A9OXAPI4JM0WZ/Screenshot+2025-02-05+at+20.40.09.png PubPlots IV - Snapshots of mid-to-late Holocene sea-surface temperature variability from a subtropical western Atlantic coral reef - Jacobs et al. (2025) Snapshots of mid-to-late Holocene sea-surface temperature variability from a subtropical western Atlantic coral reef - Jacobs et al. (2025) https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/5bb4fc1529f2cc213d90054c/1738812931213-N0HAJ3SSS88WX2GSHJFE/Screenshot+2025-02-05+at+20.34.53.png PubPlots IV - Late Miocene-early Pliocene hydroclimate evolution of the western Altiplano, northern Chile: Implications for aridification trends under warming climate conditions - Mentzer et al. (2025) Late Miocene-early Pliocene hydroclimate evolution of the western Altiplano, northern Chile: Implications for aridification trends under warming climate conditions - Mentzer et al. (2025) https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/5bb4fc1529f2cc213d90054c/1738812929619-43M7821T36TG6EBX4Z8C/Screenshot+2025-02-05+at+20.34.29.png PubPlots IV - Greening of India and revival of the South Asian summer monsoon in a warmer world - Clément et al. (2024) Greening of India and revival of the South Asian summer monsoon in a warmer world - Clément et al. (2024) https://thirumalai.geo.arizona.edu/group daily 0.75 2024-01-18 https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/5bb4fc1529f2cc213d90054c/0d44fdb6-b049-4075-b431-6e0cf0a0733c/20201223-09261C78-B89C-4EC2-940F-F5125751F465_1_201_a.jpg Our Group - Our Group PALEO² LAB https://thirumalai.geo.arizona.edu/new-page daily 0.75 2023-05-28 https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/5bb4fc1529f2cc213d90054c/52fac4f0-282b-48f6-9360-78c7bf858973/20200202-P2020295.jpg Opportunities - Opportunities PALEO² LAB https://thirumalai.geo.arizona.edu/pubs daily 0.75 2024-10-07 https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/5bb4fc1529f2cc213d90054c/4dd7f19b-f42b-4fd5-807b-a0b7c2f41d05/IMG_6917.jpg Publications - Publications PALEO² LAB https://thirumalai.geo.arizona.edu/news daily 0.75 2018-11-04 https://thirumalai.geo.arizona.edu/contact daily 0.75 2023-05-28 https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/5bb4fc1529f2cc213d90054c/e85608e0-1c50-4e13-91e3-8dc29f3bc5c1/P9060077.jpg Contact - Contact PALEO² LAB